A 3D non-orthogonal elastoplastic constitutive model for transversely isotropic soil

The significant influence of transverse isotropy on mechanical behaviours soil has long been recognised, but it is still difficult to capture well under 3D stress conditions. In this study, a method establishing non-orthogonal elastoplastic (NOEP) constitutive models for transversely isotropic (TI-soil) proposed. effect considered by extending the characteristic with fabric tensor TI-soil. extended can be used treat behaviour TI-soil from perspective soil. Therefore, unified strength criterion developed in same form as Drucker–Prager criterion. order reflect non-orthogonality plastic flow direction respect yield surface, rule adopted, which obviates tedious work constructing potential function or dilatancy relation. Based and hardening parameter expressed space, specific formulations NOEP model derived. Comparisons between predictions test results show that effects intermediate principal deformation